Seller Credit | Can the seller pay the homebuyer's closing costs?
Contents
Sellers can pay the buyer's closing costs.
A seller credit is a sum of money the property seller agrees to give the homebuyer at closing. The buyer can use the credit to pay closing costs, reducing out-of-pocket expenses associated with purchasing a home.
Seller credits are negotiable and can be included in the terms of the sale if both the buyer and seller agree to them. The specifics depend on the circumstances of the sale.
Because closing costs can be high, negotiating a seller credit helps offset some or all of these costs. It's a valuable tactic, especially for first-time home buyers who want to buy now rather than wait to save enough money for closing costs.
However, seller credits have limits, and lenders have rules on how you can use them. After reading this article, you'll know the limitations and how to avoid costly mistakes when negotiating credit from sellers.
How does a seller closing cost credit work when buying a home?
Ask for a closing cost credit when negotiating the terms of the sale with the sellers. Then, include the amount of the seller credit in the real estate sales contract when offering to buy a home. Your real estate agent will help you prepare the sales contract and make an offer to the sellers.
In exchange for giving you credit, the sellers will want you to pay a higher price for the property. Usually, the price increase and seller credit amounts are about the same. So, for instance, if you ask for $3,000, you should expect to pay $3,000 more for the house.
If the sellers would accept $100,000 for the house, and your closing costs are $3,000, offer them $103,000 and ask them to pay your closing costs of $3,000. After paying your closing costs, the seller will still get $100,000 from the sale, and you'll save $3,000.
If the seller agrees, remember you still pay the closing costs over time by financing them into the loan amount. As a result, your loan increases, making your monthly payment higher.
When should I ask for a closing cost credit from the seller?
When negotiating, be realistic and consider the seller's perspective. Negotiating a seller's credit may be more difficult in a seller's market, where buyers compete more. However, you’ll have more luck in a buyer’s market when supply exceeds demand and plenty of homes are for sale.
Also, consider the condition of the home and any necessary repairs or updates. If the house needs a little work, the seller may be more willing to agree to a seller credit to make the sale more attractive.
Overall, consult with your real estate agent and lender to determine the best time to ask for seller credit and to get guidance on negotiating the terms of the sale.
What expenses can property sellers pay for home buyers?
The seller can pay some or all of your closing costs. Be sure that your sales contract states that the seller credit is paying the buyer's closing costs. The sales contract includes a section where you or your real estate agent fill in the credit amount.
On the Real Estate Purchase and Sale Contract, Section 6, "Closing Cost Credit to Buyer from Seller" reads as follows: "Seller agrees to credit to Buyer at Closing $_________________ OR _______% of Purchase Price ("Closing Cost Credit"), to be applied to prepaid expenses, closing costs or both as lender permits."
Closing costs are loan costs and other costs associated with purchasing a home. Loan costs are lender and third-party fees for underwriting, a property appraisal, and title work. Other costs are taxes, government fees, and prepaid items. Check out our Loan Estimate Explainer for more information about closing costs.
Closing costs can add up to several thousand dollars and vary depending on several factors, most importantly, the location of the property and the lender you choose for the mortgage. Use our Mortgage Calculator to get the details on rates, payments, and closing costs online, 24/7.
Talk to a mortgage expert at NewCastle Home Loans to better understand the costs of buying a home and determine how much money you'll need to save to prepare for this significant purchase.
Can I use the seller credit for the down payment?
You cannot use any portion of a seller's closing cost credit for the down payment when buying a home.
The down payment is the money you put toward purchasing a home. It's a crucial part of the home-buying process, as it is a way to demonstrate your commitment to the purchase. You must come up with the money for the down payment and prove to the lender that it came from a legitimate source by providing copies of documents like bank statements and gift letters.
The amount of the down payment required by the lender depends on several factors, mainly the type of mortgage you use to finance your home purchase. For a conventional loan, the minimum down payment is 3%.
The money you need to buy a home, or the cash-to-close, is the sum of the down payment plus the closing costs.
- Down payment + Closing costs = Cash-to-close.
Let's say the purchase price is $103,000, your down payment is $3,090 (3% of the purchase price), and the closing costs are $3,000. The seller can only pay $3,000 toward your closing costs.
Before receiving a seller credit, you needed $6,090 in cash to close.
- $3,090 (Down payment) + $3,000 (Closing costs) = $6,090 (Cash-to close).
However, the seller credit reduces your cash-to-close by $3,000, so all you need is enough money to cover the down payment, which is $3,090.
The seller credit can't be more than the actual closing costs. Otherwise, it pays a portion of the down payment, which is not allowed.
Suppose the closing costs are $2,000, and you negotiated a seller credit for $3,000. Unfortunately, you can't use the entire seller credit because it's more than the closing costs. In this case, the seller would keep the $1,000 difference, and you'd lose $1,000.
Getting pre-approved for a mortgage is a good idea before negotiating seller credits. When you get pre-approved with NewCastle Home Loans, you'll know the closing costs, so you're ready to deal and won't make costly mistakes. Meanwhile, feel free to use our Mortgage Calculator to get the details on rates, payments, and closing costs online, 24/7, so you know what to expect.
Can I use a seller credit to pay for repairs or improvements?
Remember, the seller may pay some or all of your closing costs with a seller credit. But lenders won't allow you to use it to pay for repairs or improvements.
Lenders call credits for repairs and improvements "repair credits" and treat them differently than closing cost credits. The lender will lower the sales price by the amount of the repair credit, not your closing costs. Let me explain further.
If the home requires repairs or improvements, you and the seller may agree to include a repair credit as part of the terms of the sale to cover the cost of these repairs. However, if the sales contract states that the credit is for repairs or improvements, the lender will reduce the sales price by the amount of the repair credit when calculating your loan amount.
Calling it a repair credit instead of a closing cost credit can be an expensive mistake.
Assuming the purchase price is $103,000, the down payment is $3,090, and the closing costs total $3,000, you and the seller negotiate a repair credit for $3,000 instead of a closing cost credit.
First, the lender subtracts the repair credit from the sales price to get an adjusted purchase price of $100,000.
- $103,000 Purchase price
- -$3,000 Repair credit
- =$100,000 Adjusted purchase price
Next, the lender calculates the loan amount from the adjusted purchase price.
- $100,000 X 97% = $97,000, Loan amount
The repair credit affects how the lender calculates your loan amount, not the sales contract. So you still have to pay the seller $103,000 for the property, increasing your down payment. To make matters worse, you have to pay the costs too.
For instance,
- $103,000 Sales price
- - $97,000 Loan amount
- = $6,000 Down payment
- + $3,000 Closing costs
- = $9,000 Cash-to-close
What should you do when the property needs minor repairs?
When negotiating a sales price and seller closing cost credit with the seller, consider the condition of the home and any minor repairs. If the house needs a little work, like painting or clean-up, the seller may be willing to agree to a seller credit to make the sale more attractive.
First, call it a seller closing cost credit, not a repair credit. Next, ensure the seller credit is less than or equal to the closing costs. Then, ask the lender about the property's condition, confirming that it is acceptable. Before closing, the seller must fix defects concerning the property's safety, soundness, or structural integrity.
How much can the seller pay toward my closing costs?
The most the seller can pay toward your closing costs depends on the loan type, the down payment amount, and whether you will live in the property. Also, a seller credit may not exceed your actual closing costs.
When using a conventional loan to buy a house, condominium, or 2-to-4-unit principal residence:
- If your down payment is less than 10%, the sellers can pay your closing costs up to 3% of the property's purchase price.
- If your down payment is 10% or more, the seller credit increases to 6% of the purchase price.
- If putting 25% or more down, the sellers can kick in 9% of the sales price toward closing costs.
If your down payment is... | Then you can get a seller credit... |
---|---|
Less than 10%
|
Up to 3%
|
10% or more
|
Up to 6%
|
25% or more
|
Up to 9%
|
When using a conventional loan to buy an investment property, the seller can provide up to 2% of the purchase price, regardless of the down payment amount.
For an FHA or USDA loan, the seller can pay up to 6% of your closing costs. For a VA loan, the seller can pay up to 4% of your closing costs. In addition, the seller can contribute unlimited funds for things like discount points, origination costs, survey, appraisal, and credit report fees.
The appraised value may limit the seller's credit. When determining the property's value, the lender uses the lesser of the sales price or the appraised value.
If the sales price is $103,000 and the appraisal is $100,000, the lender will calculate the loan amount based on the $100,000 appraised value.
What happens when the seller's credit exceeds the closing costs?
When the seller's credit exceeds the closing costs, lenders typically ask you to reduce the amount of the credit on the sales contract. Otherwise, they may lower the property's sales price by the amount exceeding the limit. If not, lenders will require you to return the excess amount to the seller at closing as a last alternative.
Either way, lenders only allow you to close with a credit within the limit. When a seller's credit exceeds the limit, the extra goes toward the down payment. Sellers may not contribute to your down payment. Instead, you must come up with the down payment money.
How do I estimate closing costs?
Estimating the closing costs can be tricky, especially for first-time home buyers. Closing costs depend on several factors you might still need to learn, such as the property location, the sales price, and the lender.
You might have heard to estimate closing costs between 2% and 5% of the loan amount. But this method is wildly inaccurate for more homebuyers. For example, the difference between 2% and 5% of a $400,000 loan is $12,000!
Estimating closing costs early in the home-buying process, before finding a specific home or receiving an official Loan Estimate, requires some research and general knowledge of common expenses. Here are a few steps you can take to get an estimate:
Use online calculators: View current rates and closing costs with our interactive mortgage calculator. Change the purchase price, down payment, and loan type. Feel free to explore the options so you choose the right loan for the perfect home.
Understand common closing costs: The Loan Estimate Explainer is a mortgage closing cost comparison tool. It will help you make sense of mortgage jargon and feel confident about choosing a home loan.
Talk to a home loan expert: Find a local lender who takes the time to answer your questions and explain what you need to do so you get going in the right direction. Book time to talk now.
Seller credit mortgage calculator
The seller credit calculator will help you estimate the maximum amount a property seller can pay toward your closing costs.
First, enter the property's purchase price, estimated closing costs, type of loan, and down payment as a percentage of the purchase price.
Then, calculate the maximum seller credit.
Remember that the real estate sales contract should clearly state any seller credit. Work closely with your real estate agent and lender to follow all necessary guidelines and procedures.
Get a closing cost quote from our interactive mortgage calculator. View current mortgage rates and closing costs to know what to expect when buying a home.
When should I ask for a closing cost credit from the seller?
Whether or not the seller accepts your offer depends on the real estate market, the property, and the seller.
When negotiating, be realistic and consider the seller's perspective. For example, dealing with sellers may be more difficult in a seller's market—when home prices are high and the supply is low. On the other hand, you'll have more luck in a buyer's market when supply exceeds demand and plenty of homes are for sale.
Overall, consult with your real estate agent and lender to determine the best time to ask for seller credit and to get guidance on negotiating the terms of the sale.
Additional information about seller credits
- Fannie Mae
- Freddie Mac Interested Party Contributions
- FHA Interested Party Contributions
- VA Seller Concessions
- USDA Seller Concessions